Investigating N Solubility In The Host Lattice Of P-Type Al- And N- Co-Doped Sno2 Films With Various N2 Contents In Sputtering Gas

The Al3+-Sn4+ substitution into p-type Aland Nco-doped SnO2 films enhances the N solubility in the SnO2 host lattice. The N solubility in the SnO2 host lattice increased with an increase in N-2 content in the mixed sputtering gas, and the optimum N2 content was found to be 60 %, which corresponds to high film crystal quality and the lowest resistivity. The Al3+-Sn4+ and N3- -O-2(-) substitution was verified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The SnO2 tetragonal rutile to cubic phase transformation indicated high N solubility in the SnO2 host lattice, while the Al3+-Sn4+ replacement was also verified by the crystal evolution of a (101) lattice reflection and the occurrence of the charge compensation effect. The best values achieved for resistivity, hole concentration, and hole mobility of the film were 6.4 x 10(-3) Omega cm, 6.4 x 10(19) cm(-3), and 15.2 cm(2) V-1 s(-1), respectively. The current-voltage characteristics of films/n-Si heterojunctions under the illumination condition showed the p-type conductive properties of the films, and photocurrent response of the optimum film/n-Si heterojunction diode under the illumination condition of monochromatic wavelength light-emitting diodes (LEDs) exhibited a sufficient reproducible cycle and verified the N-3 -acceptor and VO donor levels in the bandgap.