Fully Steerable Collocated First-Order Cardioid Microphone Array Acoustic Beam-Pattern

In the paper, a data-independent beamforming method capable of fully steering the mainlobe of the first-order cardioid triad is presented. This proposed method exploits the multi-pattern operating mode of the dual-diaphragm microphones design of some first-order cardioid microphones to extend the polar-azimuth space in to which the mainlobe of such cardioid triad to the full sphere. The beamwidth and directivity of the proposed collocated array are derived and analyzed.