Our Experience in the Treatment of Grade 4 Renal Injuries

Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate treatment modalities in patients with Grade 4 renal injury. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we included a total of 64 patients who were diagnosed with Grade 4 renal injury at our trauma center hospital from 2015 to 2019. Patients who underwent immediate laparotomy due to concomitant injuries or penetrating wounds were excluded from the study. Hemodynamic instability was the absolute indication for nephrectomy as well as failure to respond to conservative treatment. Results: In our study, 10 patients (15.6%) underwent immediate nephrectomy due to hemodynamic instability. In 15 out of 54 remaining patients, arterial embolization was performed. Twelve patients presented with urinoma which required intervention. In this subgroup of patients, a double J stent was inserted in four of the patients and a nephrostomy tube was placed in the remaining eight patients for perinephric space drainage. Nephrectomy was performed in four of the patients in the urinoma group. From the patients treated totally conservative, two presented with perirenal abscess, but only one underwent computed tomography-guided abscess drainage. Conclusion: Patients with Grade 4 renal injuries may be treated conservatively or in a minimally invasive way, and immediate nephrectomy should be performed only in case of hemodynamic instability.