Allan Deviation of Atomic Clock Frequency-Corrections: A New Diagnostic Tool for Characterizing Clock Disturbances (December 2020).

As atomic clocks and frequency standards are increasingly operated in situations where they are exposed to environmental disturbances, it becomes more necessary to understand how variations of each clock component impact the clock output, in particular the local oscillator (LO). Most microwave atomic clocks in operation today use quartz crystal LOs with excellent short-term noise variation but lar...