Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Fabry Disease in Chinese Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: The prevalence of Fabry disease (FD) in Chinese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of FD in Chinese patients with HCM. Methods: Of 217 patients with HCM, FD probands were screened by next-generation sequencing at Fuwai Hospital. Medi-cal data from a-galactosidase A activity, electrocardiography, echocardiography, coronary angiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, pathological examination, and follow up was analyzed. Results: Two FD probands were observed (0.93% of patients with HCM), both of which were diagnosed with symp-tomatic obstructive HCM at 49 years of age. One proband had a GLA mutation (c.887T>C [p.M296T]) with a late-onset cardiac variant, which was characterized by dual ventricular hypertrophy and conduction disease with a perma-nent pacemaker. The other patient had a GLA mutation (c.758T>C [p.I253T]) with a classic phenotype and dual ven-tricular hypertrophy, atrioventricular block, renal failure, and recurrent cerebral infarction. Both probands had late gadolinium enhancement mainly in the basal segment of the inferolateral wall. Follow up revealed no exertional symp-toms or outflow obstruction after surgical septal myectomy in the two probands, and stable renal function was observed after 6 months of migalastat therapy in the later one. A family study revealed six female carriers and three sudden cardiac deaths. Conclusions: FD is not uncommon in Chinese patients with HCM. Multiple organic involvement, dual ventricular hypertro-phy, and conduction disease provide clinical clues for suspected FD, and early genetic screening is necessary. Surgical septal myectomy and migalastat improve the long-term prognosis of patients with FD.