Hydrogen Economy in Major Countries: Policies of Promotion and Lessons Learnt from Them

The hydrogen economy is an industry that uses hydrogen as one of the primary energy sources.The successful development of the hydrogen economy creates new opportunities for various sectors, such as fuel cells, heat supply, and transportation, including hydrogen vehicles.Because of these opportunities, industrialized countries have already developed policies to promote the hydrogen economy.Thus, we herein reviewed those policies from Germany, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Japan, and the United States.We also grouped the lessons learned from the policies under five points: setting statistics for hydrogen demand analysis, stable hydrogen supply and securing infrastructure, policies for creating jobs, technology innovation, and international cooperation with countries that have advanced technologies for the hydrogen economy.