Adoption Of A Novel Smart Mobile-Health Application Technology To Track Chronic Immunosuppression Adherence In Solid Organ Transplantation: Results Of A Prospective, Observational, Multicentre, Pilot Study

Background Low adherence to chronic immunosuppression is associated with suboptimal transplantation outcomes. Mobile-health technology is a promising tool to monitor medication adherence, but data on patient engagement to these tools are lacking.Methods Prospective, observational, multicenter, 2-phase trial in kidney and liver transplant recipients, investigating the degree of engagement to TrackYourMed(R) (TYM), a novel m-Health technology with a QR code-scan app to track immunosuppression adherence and its association with drug monitoring.Results Out of 204 consecutive transplant patients, 90 patients were eligible to participate. 61 (68%) used TYM regularly, 21 (23%) never or barely used it, 5 (5.5%) were irregular users, and 3 (3.3%) were lost to follow-up. 6-month total correct intakes (CIN) ranged between 69%-76%, 12%-19% intakes were out-of-time (OUT), and 9%-12% were missed (MIS). Notably, a rate of intakes out of the scheduled time higher than 20% in the 6 days prior to blood immunosuppressant trough levels was associated with a higher intra-patient variability (17 IQR 13-21% vs. 29 IQR 23%-36%, p = .001), and with a higher dose-adjustment (p < .001). At 1 year, 53(59%) patients were still active users of TYM.Conclusions Implementing m-Health technologies promoting immunosuppression adherence may be useful for a relevant number of transplant patients and help transplant physicians identifying erratic immunosuppression adherence.