The Cardiovascular Health Integrated Lifestyle Diet (CHILD) Lowers LDL-Cholesterol Levels in Brazilian Dyslipidemic Pediatric Patients

Objective To analyze the impact of the CHILD-2 diet on the lipid profile of Brazilian children and adolescents with dyslipidemia. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study, where 149 participants (5-17 years) with mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia were divided into two groups (GI: low or normal weight; n = 58 and GII: overweight; n = 91). Both groups underwent the CHILD-2 diet, characterized by 25-30% total fat and less than 7% of low-saturated fat (SF) for 6 months. Changes from baseline in the lipid profile, including Total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, triacylglycerols and glucose concentrations, dietary and anthropometric data were examined at 3 and 6 months. Longitudinal analyses were performed using linear mixed-effects models in SAS. Results Serum LDL-C concentrations reduced over time compared with baseline (Delta = -5.1 mg/dL; p < 0.01), with no difference between groups (p = 0.35). TC concentrations decreased by -2.0 mg/dL (p < 0.01); but no difference was observed between groups. We found no significant changes in body mass index/age Z scores after a dietary intervention compared with baseline in both groups (p = 0.94). Conclusion Despite the modest reduction, our findings confirm that children with dyslipidemia can benefit from the CHILD-2 diet combined with a healthy lifestyle.