Dose-effect Relationships of 12C6+ Ions-Induced Dicentric Plus Ring Chromosomes, Micronucleus and Nucleoplasmic Bridges in Human Lymphocytes in Vitro

Purpose The objective of this research was to explore the dose-effect relationships of dicentric plus ring (dic + r), micronucleus (MN) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) induced by carbon ions in human lymphocytes. Materials and methods Venous blood samples were collected from three healthy donors. C-12(6+) ions beam was used to irradiate the blood samples at the energy of 330 MeV and linear energy transfer (LET) of 50 keV/mu m with a dose rate of 1 Gy/min in the spread-out Bragg peak. The irradiated doses were 0 (sham irradiation), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 Gy. Dic + r chromosomes aberrations were scored in metaphases. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN) was conducted to analyze MN and NPB. The maximum low-dose relative biological effectiveness (RBEM) values of the induction of dic + r, MN and NPB in human lymphocytes for C-12(6+) ions irradiation was calculated relative to Co-60 gamma-rays. Results The frequencies of dic + r, MN and NPB showed significantly increases in a dose-depended manner after exposure to C-12(6+) ions. The distributions of dic + r and MN exhibited overdispersion, while the distribution of NPB agreed with Poisson distribution at all doses. Linear-quadratic equations were established based on the frequencies of dic + r and MN. The dose-response curves of NPB frequencies followed a linear model. The derived RBEM values for dic + r, MN and NPB in human lymphocytes irradiated with C-12(6+) ions were 8.07 +/- 2.73, 2.69 +/- 0.20 and 4.00 +/- 2.69 in comparison with Co-60 gamma-rays. Conclusion The dose-response curves of carbon ions-induced dic + r, MN and NPB were constructed. These results could be helpful to improve radiation risk assessment and dose estimation after exposed to carbon ions irradiation.