Toward a One-interaction Data-driven Guide: Putting Co-speech Gesture Evidence to Work for Ambiguous Route Instructions

ABSTRACTWhile recent work on gesture synthesis in agent and robot literature has treated gesture as co-speech and thus dependent on verbal utterances, we present evidence that gesture may leverage model context (i.e. the navigational task) and is not solely dependent on verbal utterance. This effect is particularly evident within ambiguous verbal utterances. Decoupling this dependency may allow future systems to synthesize clarifying gestures that clarify the ambiguous verbal utterance while enabling research in better understanding the semantics of the gesture. We bring together evidence from our own experiences in this domain that allow us to see for the first time what kind of end-to-end concerns models need to be developed to synthesize gesture for one-shot interactions while still preserving user outcomes and allowing for ambiguous utterances by the robot. We discuss these issues within the context of "cardinal direction gesture plans" which represent instructions that refer to the actions the human must follow in the future.