Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and surgical site infection rate among patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery

Background: Nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus are at increased risk of postoperative surgical site infection. Nasal decolonization with mupirocin is recommended in patients undergoing cardiac surgery to reduce surgical site infection. These data are still lacking in Thailand. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage in Thai patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. The association of surgical site infection and S. aureus nasal carriage was also examined. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 352 patients who planned to undergo elective cardiac surgery. Nasal swab culture was performed in all patients preoperatively. Results: Of 352 patients, 46 (13.1%) had a positive nasal swab culture for methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and one patient (0.3%) harbored a methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain. The incidence of superficial and deep surgical site infection was 1.3% and 0.3%, respectively. After multivariate analysis, S. aureus nasal carriage was independently associated with superficial surgical site infection (odds ratio 13.04, 95% confidence interval 1.28-133.27; P = 0.03). Conclusions: The prevalence of MSSA and MRSA nasal carriage in Thai patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery was low. The incidence of surgical site infection was also very low in the population studied. Nevertheless, it was found that S. aureus nasal carriage increased the risk of superficial surgical site infection. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).