Recent advances in the synthesis of monolithic metal-organic frameworks

Although considerable achievements have been realized in recent years with respect to the syntheses of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), majority of the developed MOFs are in the form of polydisperse microcrystalline powders, which cause dustiness, abrasion, and clogging and decrease pressure when used in industrial applications. Monolithic MOFs overcome these drawbacks and exhibit various promising characteristics. In this review, we present the recent advances associated with monolithic MOFs based on metal centers and a brief outline of the most prominent examples. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects associated with monolithic MOFs in terms of large-scale production and engineering applicability are analyzed based on our knowledge to conclude this review.