A novel self-enhanced carbon nitride platform coupled with highly effective dual-recycle strand displacement amplifying strategy for sensitive photoelectrochemical assay

In this work, a novel self-enhanced photoelectric active material, Na+, K+-codoped carbon nitride (NaKCN), was synthesized for constructing sensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor to detect target miRNA-182-5p. Ingeniously, the NaKCN displayed glucose oxidase (GOx)-mimicking photocatalytic property, which catalyzed glucose to in situ generate high levels of H2O2 as its own electron donor for enhancing photocurrent. Moreover, the Na+, K+ co-doping could reduce energy gap of carbon nitride material, effectively improving the optical absorptivity and photocatalytic efficiency. Additionally, a novel highly effective dual-recycle TSD amplifying strategy was constructed to convert a small amount of target into plentiful two types of output DNAs labeling with sensitizer MB to enhance photocurrent of NaKCN. As a result, this PEC biosensor achieved a high sensitivity with low detection limit of 3.3 fM, which provided a new avenue for improving sensitivity of bioanalysis and diagnosis of diseases.