Advances in bacteriophage-mediated control strategies to reduce bacterial virulence

The emergence of antibiotic resistance has been raised due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics that might be the urgent health crisis. Antibiotics in animals and food chain have been widely used as growth promoters, prophylaxis, and treatment of infectious diseases, which provides the selective pressure on foodborne pathogens. It is essential to develop novel therapeutic weapon for controlling the appearance of resistance and inhibiting imminent threat of pandemics possible by means of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens. Nowadays, the control of MDR pathogens has been improved with the development of bacteriophage (phage)-based approaches such as single phage therapy, synergistic approach, phage cocktail, engineered phage, and anticlustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (anti-CRISPR) system. This review overwhelmingly focuses on slash the emergence of food-borne pathogens and its bacterial resistances using phage components and also discusses on the impact of phage components to diminish the outbreak of viral infections.