Markedly improved performance of oxide-supported catalysts in hot basic water by three facile ways in synergy

Use oxide-supported catalyst in green solvent, hot water: Au is anchored on oxide via Au┄O-M interaction (M = Fe, Ti, etc). Basic aqueous catalytic system may destruct a part of OM bonds into oxygen vacancies and weaken Au/support interaction, causing leaching and aggregation of Au. Three simple methods synergistically improve reusability of catalyst.