Extracellular vesicles for the treatment of central nervous system diseases

•Extracellular vesicles play a role in pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases.•Current research results support a promising therapeutic role for extracellular vesicles.•Modified or unmodified extracellular vesicles can cross the blood brain barrier.•Extracellular vesicles can be loaded with drugs and further improve their efficiency.•Extracellular vesicles can have the same effects than stem cells without the limits of cell therapy.