Retrograde Intramedullary Nailing of Pediatric Femoral Shaft Fractures Does Not Result in Growth Arrest at the Distal Femoral Physis-A Retrospective Cases Series.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate femoral growth after placement of retrograde intramedullary nails in the treatment of pediatric femoral shaft fractures. DESIGN:Retrospective case series. SETTING:Large urban trauma center in Mongolia. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS:Twenty-nine pediatric patients who sustained a diaphyseal femoral shaft fracture were included in the study. INTERVENTION:Retrograde intramedullary nail fixation with the standard, fin, or pediatric fin Surgical Implant Generation Network nail across an open distal femoral physis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The main outcome measure was the distance traveled by the intramedullary nail with respect to the distal femoral condyles and distal femoral physis from initial surgery to follow-up. RESULTS:The mean age of patients was 10.7 years (range: 7-14 years). Follow-up occurred at a mean of 292 days (range: 53-714 days). Both condyle distance and physis distance were significantly positively correlated with follow-up days, with Pearson R values of 0.90 (P < 0.001) and 0.84 (P < 0.001), respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed that follow-up days was the only significant predictor of physis distance, whereas age, sex, percent growth plate violation, and nail fully traversing physis were not significant predictors. The nail completely crossed the physis in 5 patients and no growth arrests were found. CONCLUSIONS:This is the first study, to our knowledge, to evaluate treating femoral shaft fractures with a retrograde nail across an open distal femoral physis. In the pediatric population, the use of a retrograde femoral intramedullary nails does not seem to cause growth arrest of the injured femur during the postoperative period and may be a reasonable treatment option when other surgical options are not available. Additional study is necessary to further evaluate the safety profile. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.