On the difference between proximity and other distance parameters in triangle-free graphs and C-4-free graphs

The average distance of a vertex v of a connected graph G is the arithmetic mean of the distances from v to all other vertices of G. The proximity pi(G) and the remoteness rho(G) of G are the minimum and the maximum of the average distances of the vertices of G. In this paper, we give upper bounds on the difference between the remoteness and proximity, the diameter and proximity, and the radius and proximity of a triangle-free graph with given order and minimum degree. We derive the latter two results by first proving lower bounds on the proximity in terms of order, minimum degree and either diameter or radius. Our bounds are sharp apart from an additive constant. We also obtain corresponding bounds for C-4-free graphs. (C) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.