Risk Factors of Thrombosis in Chinese Subjects with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

Background Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a special type of acute myeloid leukemia Thrombosis is at increased risk complication in patients with this disease. However, the risk factors of thrombosis related to Chinese APL patients are not fully understood. Methods In this study, clinical and laboratory data of 44 consecutively Chinese APL patients were collected and analyzed. Results One arterial and 6 venous thrombosis occurred in 44 patients, including 22 males and 22 females, with a median age of 44 years (range from 18 to 74 years). The ratio of male and female gender, age, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, platelets, disease risk stratification, CD2, Khorana score, differentiation syndrome (DS) and gene mutation related to prognosis of APL, including DNMT3A, TET2, IDH1, IDH2, NRAS and ASXL1 in the two groups with and without thrombosis were not statistically significant. The detection rate of PAI-1 genotype 4G4G was 71.4% (5/7) in 7 patients with thrombosis, while the detection rate of PAI-1 genotype 4G4G in 37 patients without thrombosis was 8.1% (3/37). The differences between the two groups in WT-1 ( P = 0.01), PAI-1 4G4G ( P = 0.0009), bcr3 ( P = 0.027), CD15 ( P = 0.005), and FLT3-ITD mutation ( P = 0.0008) were statistically significant. Using multivariate analysis, the risk factors of venous thrombosis in APL were CD15 ( P = 0.043), PAI-1 4G4G ( P = 0.009), WT-1 ( P = 0.043) and FLT3/ITD ( P = 0.013), respectively. Conclusion Our results suggested the PAI-1 gene 4G4G type, CD15, WT-1 and FLT3-ITD mutations excluding DNMT3A, TET2, IDH1/2, NRAS and ASXL1 are risk factors of thrombotic events in Chinese APL patients.