The Positive Impact of Resistance Training on Muscle Mass and Serum Leptin Levels in Patients 2–7 Years Post-Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Controlled Clinical Trial

Purpose Resistance training program (RTP) assist the maintenance of optimal body composition and inflammatory response modulation in individuals in late Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). This study aimed to investigate the effect of RTP on body composition and serum inflammatory profile in individuals 2–7 years post-RYGB. Methods Volunteers were matched on body mass index (BMI), age, sex, and years after surgery, and they were allocated as control or RTP group. Body composition, visceral fat area (VFA), and inflammatory serum markers were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of RTP. Results The sample baseline characteristics ( n = 63; BMI = 29.7 ± 5.3 kg/m 2 ) were similar between the groups. After intervention, the RTP group presented higher fat-free mass (Δ 1.17 ± 1.12 kg, p = 0.003) and skeletal muscle mass (Δ 0.77 ± 0.66 kg, p = 0.002) and decreased leptin levels (Δ –0.15 ± 0.60 pg/mL, p = 0.028). Ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (CRPus), interleukin-6, adiponectin, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 showed no significant time-by-group interaction. After the categorization of RTP group individuals by VFA median values (129.8 cm 2 , IQR 90.9; 152.5), participants with VFA values above the median presented a significant decrease in CRPus (Δ –0.20 mg/L, IQR –7.59; –0.03, p = 0.022) when compared to the participants with VFA values below the median. Conclusion The RTP improved individuals’ body composition by a modest but significant enhancing muscle mass and decreasing serum leptin and CRPus levels, especially in individuals with VFA values above the median. RTPs assist in maintaining the adequate body composition as they contribute to a decrease in proinflammatory markers in long-term RYGB. Graphical abstract