Proinflammatory TH17 cytokine activation, disease severity and outcomes in peripartum cardiomyopathy

Graphic 1: Depiction of naïve CD4 T-cell differentiation pathways. Increased levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 drive differentiation to TH1 T cells which further produce IFN-γ effector cytokines. Increased IL-6 and TGF-β stimulated CD4 T cells to differentiate into TH17 T cells which further produce IL-17 and IL-22 effector cytokine. Increased levels of IL-4 and IL-33 stimulate differentiation to TH2 T cells which then produce IL-4 effector cytokines.Unlabelled Image