Transmission risks of respiratory infectious diseases in various confined spaces: A meta-analysis for future pandemics

•The risk of transmission in confined spaces was 3 times higher than open spaces.•School or workplace showed the highest transmission risk, RR 3.94 (95% CI 3.16–4.90).•For SARS-CoV-2, residential space and airplane were the riskiest space.•RR of 8.30 (95% CI 3.30–20.90) and 7.30 (95% CI 1.15–46.20), respectively.•The lockdown of some confined spaces could increase the risk in other confined spaces.