Perioperative Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return Evaluation With Low-Dose Cardiac Computed Tomography

Background: Low-dose multidetector computed tomographic angiography (MDCTA) is playing an increasingly larger role in the diagnosis of anomalous pulmonary venous return (APVR). Despite advances in new computed tomographic (CT) techniques with radiation dose reduction, there are limited studies describing radiation dose parameters to allow routine use of cardiac CT in infants and children with APVR. This study compares cardiac CT findings with intraoperative findings and describes comprehensive radiation exposure parameters. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 27 patients compared MDCTA and intraoperative or cardiac catheterization findings of the pulmonary venous anatomy. Results: A total of 32 MDCTA studies were performed on these 27 patients. Of the 28 studies with subsequent intervention, MDCTA accurately diagnosed the anomalous pulmonary venous anatomy in 27 (96.4%) patients. Narrowing of the pulmonary venous confluence entrance to the coronary sinus was missed on cardiac CT in one patient due to motion artifact, but it was noted intraoperatively. Median estimated effective radiation dose was 0.98 mSv (range: 0.39-3.2 mSv), and mean estimated effective radiation dose was 1.1 +/- 0.68 mSv. Median total dose length product (DLP) was 25 mGy cm (range: 10-83 mGy cm), and mean total DLP was 28 +/- 18 mGy cm. Median CTDI volume was 3.8 mGy (range: 2.5-14.6 mGy), and mean CTDI volume was 5.0 +/- 3.2 mGy. Conclusions: We conclude that modern cardiac MDCTA is the best imaging modality to guide management in both preintervention and postintervention APVR patients. In this study, we describe comprehensive radiation exposure parameters in infants and children with APVR.