Comparison of cardiothoracic surgical training before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom

COVID-19 has had a significant impact on surgical training, with concerns that these effects could have further implications downstream. Simulation training has been under-used thus far and trainees face an uphill challenge to enhance their skills and technical abilities in the operating room. Simulation is recommended by trainees and may represent one of the solutions to the challenges of safe and effective cardiothoracic surgical training.