Ergodic Theorems and Converses for PSPACE Functions

We initiate the study of effective pointwise ergodic theorems in resource-bounded settings. Classically, the convergence of the ergodic averages for integrable functions can be arbitrarily slow (Krengel Monatshefte Für Mathematik 86 , 3–6 1978 ). In contrast, we show that for a class of PSPACE L 1 functions, and a class of PSPACE computable measure-preserving ergodic transformations, the ergodic average exists and is equal to the space average on every EXP random. We establish a partial converse that PSPACE non-randomness can be characterized as non-convergence of ergodic averages. Further, we prove that there is a class of resource-bounded randoms, viz. SUBEXP-space randoms, on which the corresponding ergodic theorem has an exact converse - a point x is SUBEXP-space random if and only if the corresponding effective ergodic theorem holds for x .