How high is a MoSe2 monolayer?

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted significant attention for optoelectronic, photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical applications. The properties of TMDCs are highly dependent on the number of stacked atomic layers, which is usually counted post-fabrication, using a combination of optical methods and atomic force microscopy height measurements. Here, we use photoluminescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and three different AFM methods to demonstrate significant discrepancies in height measurements of exfoliated MoSe2 flakes on SiO2 depending on the method used. We also highlight the often overlooked effect that electrostatic forces can be misleading when measuring the height of a MoSe2 flake using AFM.