A Prevascularized Polyurethane-Reinforced Fibrin Patch Improves Regenerative Remodeling in a Rat Right Ventricle Replacement Model

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) affect 1 in 120 newborns in the United States. Surgical repair of structural heart defects often leads to arrhythmia and increased risk of heart failure. The laboratory has previously developed an acellular fibrin patch reinforced with a biodegradable poly(ether ester urethane) urea mesh that result in improved heart function when tested in a rat right ventricle wall replacement model compared to fixed pericardium. However, this patch does not drive significant neotissue formation. The patch materials are modified here and this patch is prevascularized with human umbilical vein endothelial cells and c-Kit(+) human amniotic fluid stem cells. Rudimentary capillary-like networks form in the fibrin after culture of cell-encapsulated patches for 3 d in vitro. Prevascularized patches and noncell loaded patch controls are implanted onto full-thickness heart wall defects created in the right ventricle of athymic nude rats. Two months after surgery, defect repair with prevascularized patches results in improved heart function and the patched heart area exhibited greater vascularization and muscularization, less fibrosis, and increased M2 macrophage infiltration compared to acellular patches.