Diagnostic Performance of FDG-PET/CT Scan as Compared to US-Guided FNA in Prediction of Axillary Lymph Node Involvement in Breast Cancer Patients

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic ability of 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-d-glucose (F-18-FDG) PET/non-contrast CT compared with those of ultrasound (US)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) for axillary lymph node (ALN) staging in breast cancer patients. Patients and Methods Preoperative F-18-FDG PET/non-contrast CT was performed in 268 women with breast cancer, as well as ALN dissection or sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy. One hundred sixty-four patients underwent US-guided FNA in combination with F-18-FDG PET/CT. The diagnostic performance of each modality was evaluated using histopathologic assessments as the reference standard. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were compared to evaluate the diagnostic ability of several imaging modalities. Results Axillary F-18-FDG uptake was positive in 180 patients, and 125 patients had axillary metastases according to the final pathology obtained by ALN dissection and/or SLN dissection. Of the patients with positive F-18-FDG uptake in the axilla, 21% had false-positive results, whereas 79% were truly positive. Eighty-eight patients had negative F-18-FDG uptake in the axilla, among which 25% were false-negative. F-18-FDG-PET/CT had a sensitivity of 86.59% and a specificity of 63.46% in the assessment of ALN metastasis; on the other hand, US-guided FNA had a sensitivity of 91.67% and a specificity of 87.50%. The mean primary cancer size (p = 0.04) and tumor grade (p = 0.04) in combination were the only factors associated with the accuracy of F-18-FDG PET/CT for detecting metastatic ALNs. Conclusion The diagnostic performance of F-18-FDG PET/CT for the detection of axillary node metastasis in breast cancer patients was not significantly different from that of US-guided FNA. Combining F-18-FDG PET/CT with US-guided FNA or SLN biopsy could improve the diagnostic performance compared to F-18-FDG PET/CT alone.