Stability of microbiota in vineyard soils across consecutive years

Agricultural soils harbor rich and diverse microbial communities that have a deep influence on soil properties and productivity. Large scale studies have shown the impact of environmental parameters like climate or chemical composition on the distribution of bacterial and fungal species. Comparatively, little data exists documenting how soil microbial communities change between different years. Quantifying the temporal stability of soil microbial communities will allow us to better understand the relevance of the differences between environments and their impact on ecological processes on the global and local scale. We characterized the bacterial and fungal components of the soil microbiota in ten vineyards in two consecutive years. Despite differences of species richness and diversity between the two years, we found a general stability of the taxonomic structure of the soil microbiota. Temporal differences were smaller than differences due to geographical location, vineyard land management or differences between sampling sites within the same vineyard. Using machine learning, we demonstrated that each site was characterized by a distinctive microbiota, and we identified a reduced set of indicator species that could classify samples according to their geographic origin across different years with high accuracy. Importance The temporal stability of the soil microbiota is important to understand the relevance of the differences that are found in response to a variety of environmental factors. By comparing fungal and bacterial microbiota from samples collected in the same sites in two consecutive years, we found a remarkable stability of both components, with characteristic differences between bacteria and fungi. Our work fills an important gap toward the definition of a microbial cartography of agricultural soils.