Annotation of Putative Circadian Rhythm-Associated Genes in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera : Liviidae)

The circadian rhythm is a process involving multiple genes that generates an internal molecular clock, allowing organisms to anticipate environmental conditions produced by the earth’s rotation on its axis. This report presents the results of the manual curation of twenty-seven genes likely associated with circadian rhythm in the genome of Diaphorina citri , the Asian citrus psyllid. This insect acts as the vector of the bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the causal agent of citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing). This disease is the most severe detriment to citrus industries and has drastically decreased crop yields worldwide. Based on the genes identified in the psyllid genome, namely cry1 and cry2, D. citri likely possesses a circadian model similar to that of the lepidopteran butterfly, Danaus plexippus . Manual annotation of these genes will allow future molecular therapeutics to be developed that can disrupt the psyllid biology. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. * A. aegypti : Aedes aegypti A. mellifera : Apis mellifera A. pisum : Acyrthosiphon pisum B. tabaci : Bemisia tabaci BLAST : Basic local alignment search tool BLASTn : BLAST nucleotide BLASTX : BLAST translated nucleotide BLASTp : BLAST protein C. lectularius : Cimex lectularius CGEN : Citrus greening expression network Ck1 : Casein kinase 1 clk : Clock CLOCK : Circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput CLas : Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus cry1 : Cryptochrome 1 cry2 : Cryptochrome 2 cwo : clockwork orange cyc : cycle D. citri : Diaphorina citri D. melanogaster : Drosophila melanogaster D. plexippus : Danaus plexippus dbt : double-time dco : discs overgrown DNA : Deoxyribonucleic Acid E75 : ecdysone-induced protein 75 FAD : Flavin adenine dinucleotide FASTA : FAST-All GigaDB : GigaScience DataBase H. halys : Halyomorpha halys HLB : Huanglongbing Hr3 : Hormone receptor 3 Iso-Seq : Full-length isoform sequencing MCOT : MAKER Cufflinks Oases Trinity Mip : myoinhibitory peptide NCBI : National center for biotechnology information OGS : Official gene set PDFR : Pigment-dispersing factor receptor Pdp1 : PAR domain protein 1 per : period PP2A : Protein phosphatase 2A RNA-Seq : RNA-sequencing RNAi : RNA interference STKc : Serine/threonine kinase catalytic domain T. castaneum : Tribolium castaneum tim : timeless vri : vrille