Tasquinimod efficacy and S100A9 expression in glucose-treated HREC cells

Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness in working-aged people. Few studies were on the relationship between S100 Calcium Binding Protein A9 (S100A9) protein and DR, and none on endothelial cells induced by tasquinimod in high glucose. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between tasquinimod and S100A9 in DR. Methods DR pathogenesis was simulated using high-glucose-induced human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) to study the mRNA expression of s100a9 , thrombospondin-1 ( tsp-1 ), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha ( hif1-α ), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 ( icam-1 ), and vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) after tasquinimod treatment. The protein expression of S100A9, TSP-1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), ICAM-1 and VEGF was also analyzed. Result A total of 28 eyes of 26 patients were included in this experiment. A significantly higher expression of S100A9 as well as enhanced proliferation and mobility was observed in the high-glucose-treated HRECs compared with that in low-glucose-treated cells. However, these were significantly inhibited when treated with high glucose with 50 μM tasquinimod. The mRNA expression of tsp-1 was increased, whereas that of hif1-α , icam-1 and vegf was decreased after tasquinimod treatment. Western blot indicated the increased TSP-1 but decreased ERK, ICAM-1 and VEGF expression after treating with tasquinimod. Conclusion High glucose promoted the expression of s100a9 , S100A9 protein in DR patients and HRECs. Tasquinimod inhibited the proliferation, migration and lumen formation of HRECs under a high glucose environment. Tasquinimod might play a vital role in inhibiting angiogenesis through inducing TSP-1 and inhibiting VEGF, ICAM-1 and ERK.