Transcription disrupts DNA-scaffolded bacteriophage repressor complexes

DNA can act as a scaffold for the cooperative binding of protein oligomers. For example, the phage 186 CI repressor forms a wheel of seven dimers wrapped in DNA carrying specific binding sites, while the phage λ CI repressor binds in units of dimers to two well-separated sets of operators, forming a DNA loop. Atomic force microscopy was used to measure transcription elongation by E. coli RNA polymerase through these protein complexes. 186 CI or λ CI bound along unlooped DNA negligibly interfered with transcription by RNAP. More complex topologies induced by scaffolded, cooperatively bound repressor oligomers did not form significantly better roadblocks to transcription. Thus, despite binding with rather high affinity, these repressors are not effective roadblocks to transcription. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.