Comparative Study Of Damage To Cognitive Function And Mental Behavior In Patients With General Paresis Of The Insane, Alzheimer'S Disease, And Frontotemporal Dementia

Dementia is a group of cognitive functional disorders with staggering worldwide morbidity and mortality. Recognition of the differences between types of dementia is important for clinical diagnosis and effective treatment. This study compared and analyzed differences in cognitive functions and mental behaviors of patients with three types of dementia: general paresis of the insane (GPI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The study cohort of 90 subjects included 30 subjects each in AD, GPI, and FTD groups. Clinical data of gender, age, duration of disease, education, family history of dementia, diagnosis of diabetes, diagnosis of hypertension, diagnosis of coronary heart disease, smoking habits, drinking habits, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score, Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score, neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) score, and clinical dementia rating of patients were observed and compared. MMSE scores were significantly higher in the GPI group than AD or FTD groups. MoCA scores were significantly higher in the AD group than the FTD group. NPI scores were significantly higher in the FTD group than GPI or AD groups. Age, family history of dementia, and incidence of hypertension were significantly higher in AD and FTD groups than the GPI group. MMSE, MoCA, and NPI scores were significantly correlated with degree of dementia. In addition, degree of dementia was significantly correlated with age (OR = 1.845), family history of dementia (OR = 1.613), MMSE score (OR = 0.752), MoCA score (OR = 0.536), and NPI score (OR = 2.055). In brief, AD, FTD, and GPI patients display characteristic damage to cognitive function and mental behavior, and that damage correlates with the condition of disease. These characteristics can help effectively diagnose and classify types of dementia to improve patient prognosis. Clinicians should acknowledge such characteristic changes to ensure accurate diagnosis and allow early intervention for dementia patients.