Surgery in Adults

This chapter starts with minimally invasive surgery of the palate, palatal implants, and stiffening procedures. Then the various current invasive palatal procedures, including tonsils, are presented. Thereafter, current techniques for the base of tongue, including implants and transoral robotic surgery, are discussed. Subsequently, hyoid bone surgeries, genioglossal advancement, hypoglossal nerve stimulation, surgery for larynx and trachea, maxillofacial surgery, distraction osteogenesis maxillary expansion, and multilevel surgery are discussed in detail. Indications and contraindications, patient selection, diagnostic workup, risks, patient information, consent, anesthesia and positioning, surgical technique, complications, and postoperative care are discussed for each technique.