Soybeans, Flaxseeds, and Fish Oil in the Treatment of Renal Disease

Therapeutic food as soybean products rich in proteins, isoflavones, phospholipids, and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) are important constituents of food in the prevention and/or treatment of renal dysfunction. Scientists are interested in flaxseeds for health benefits due to their high content of α-linolenic acid and lignans. Therapeutic natural agents that possess lipid lowering, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and hypotensive effects are expected to possess a renal protective effect. Flaxesed and long-term intakes of soy-protein diets were attenuated in the decline in renal function and reduced glomerular injury. Fish oil supplementation can improve proteinuria and reduce nephropathy. Studies of n − 3 PUFAs supplementation with 3 g/day describe salutary effects on concentrations of triglycerides, oxidative stress parameters, dialysis access potency, and symptoms of uremic pruritus in dialysis patients. Further well-designed studies are required to discern that soybeans, flaxseeds, and fish oil supplementation might reduce the progression of chronic renal disease and eliminate some clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients.