Long Range Ionic Potential Effect On Strong-Field Tunneling

The tunneling ionization as one of the fundamental quantum processes exposing of atoms in strong laser fields, has been investigated intensively in recent decades. The tunneling ionization has intrigued many important implications. As the first stage, the post ionization effects have been revealed in high-resolution experiments. All of those experiments indicate the importance of the long range potential on the tunneling ionization. In this chapter, we will overview the long-range potential effect on strong-field tunneling. Especially, the long range ionic potential has significant effect on the low-energy photoelectron energy structures ("ionization surprise"), the ionization asymmetry and the local ionization suppression.