Primary Mediastinal Synovial Sarcoma: A Case Report And Literature Review

Primary mediastinal synovial sarcoma (PMSS) is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor with a poor prognosis. Because of its rarity, the misdiagnosis rate remains high. To raise awareness of this disease, the current study presents a case of PMSS with atypical CT features. A 26-year-old male presented with a 3-day history of chest pain. Chest CT scans showed multi fusion masses with an ill-defined margin. After the mass was partially resected, pathological and immunochemistry examinations were performed. The patient was diagnosed with biphasic synovial sarcoma. Summary analysis was then conducted of clinical, histopathological, and CT details of cases reported in the literature (English only). Based on results, PMSS should be considered when a solitary mass in the mediastinum is observed in a man with chest pain. Moreover, PMSS is indicated when the mass measures greater than 4 cm and appears as a heterogenous mass with necrosis/cystic changes and heterogenous patterns. Prognosis of PMSS can be improved by early diagnosis.