Cancer Prevalence In Kidney Transplant Recipients In Two General Hospitals From Peru

21155 Background: Malignancy following kidney transplantation is an important medical problem during long-term follow-up. The accrual risk is approximately 100 times greater than the general population. We report some features of the cancers developed in our patient population Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of 1050 kidney transplant recipients who received both unrelated or related allograft transplants from January 1972 to April 2006 and recorded the incidence of de novo malignancies that developed in this cohort. The study was carried out in two centers in Peru. The statistical method was descriptive and parametrical. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Forty-six cancer were diagnosed in 42 recipients (4.3%). Twenty six were men and 16 women, mean age was 46.0 years old (range:17–67). Malignancy was diagnosed between 2 to 240 months after transplantation. The tumors included Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in ten patients, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in seven, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in six, cervix cancer in four, colon and breast cancer in three and hepatocarcinoma in two. Also they were reported one case of small intestine cancer, osteosarcoma, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, schwanoma, melanoma, tongue cancer, postransplant lymphoproliferative disease, pelvis renal cancer and carcinomatosis from unknown primary. Thus, KS was the most common malignancy encountered in our series, with a prevalence of 0.95%, followed by SCC observed in 0.66% and BCC found in 0.57% of the patients. The average latency period between transplantation and development of malignancy was 25 months for KS, 72.0 months for SCC and 36.0 months for BCC. KS occurred earlier compared with the other cancers ( P < 0.05); We failed to demonstrate any correlation between age/sex and specific type of cancer. The 10 year - survival was 71%. Conclusions: The prevalence of cancer in our renal transplant recipients was 4.3%. KS and non melanoma skin cancer were the most frequent cancer. Low incidence of postransplant lymphoproliferative disease was found. No significant financial relationships to disclose.