Controlling Surface Nanoarchitectures of DNA Modified Electrodes for Improved Label-Free Electrochemical Detection of P53 Gene

P53 gene plays a vital role in regulating cellular processes and its accurate quantification is of great significance for the early cancer screening. Herein, by controlling surface nanoarchitectures of DNA modified electrode, we designed a new biosensing interface for the detection of p53 gene. In this method, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were used to mediate electron transfer (ET) across different DNA monolayers modified electrode surfaces, and NESA was incorporated into the bio-sensing system. The proposed simple and label-free biosensor exhibited high performance with a detection limit of 0.0835 fM and a linear calibration range of 0.1 fM similar to 1 fM for p53 DNA sensing. Moreover, the method shows good sequence selectivity and reproducibility, demonstrating this strategy has potential applications in clinical diagnosis and biomedical research.