Spray treatment of leaves with Fe2+ promotes procyanidin biosynthesis by upregulating the expression of the F3H and ANS genes in red rice grains (Oryza sativa L.)
Journal of Cereal Science(2021)
摘要
Red rice (RR) is bred for the high-quality proanthocyanidins (PAs) deposition and colouration in the pericarp, which contribute to its potential as a functional food ingredient. The study has investigated the pigment characteristics attributed to PAs enriched in grains with a 2:1 ratio of oligomeric to polymeric PAs. Based on metabolomic analysis, we characterized six marker PAs responsible for grain pigment, including three procyanidins and three prodelphinidins/propelargonidins. During production, cultivation environments substantially affect the grain redness quality. To relieve these negative impacts on RR high-PA characteristics, we have employed a Fe2+-spraying cultivation method. When RR was treated by the leaf FeSO4 spraying, it exhibited a significant increase in the PA contents in grains, particularly for polymeric components, which increased twofold. Through transcriptomic analysis and molecular validation, we determined that the foliar-applied FeSO4 significantly affected the flavonoid pathway, flowing to substantial substrates of (epi)catechin units by upregulating the expression of F3H and ANS, thereby leading to the grain procyanidin accumulation. Foliar-applied FeSO4 can be employed as an effective cultivation method to enhance the high-PA characteristics of cereal crops.
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关键词
Red rice,Proanthocyanidin,Leaf Fe2+-spraying treatment,Flavonoid pathway
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