Spin-Motive Force In Ferromagnetic And Ferrimagnetic Materials

The magnetization dynamics of nonuniform magnetic structures induce the spin-dependent force acting on the conduction electrons via the s-d coupling. This emergent electric field, the so-called spin-motive force (SMF), is observed in a variety of magnetic structures such as magnetic domain walls, magnetic vortices, and staggered ferrimagnetic structures. The magnitude and direction of the SMF depend on the spatiotemporal derivative of magnetic structures, which is determined by the magnetic interaction and geometry of the sample. In this article, we review recent studies on the SMF using ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials. We introduce the theoretical aspect of the SMF and show the relationship between the SMF and the topology of the magnetic structure. We present the experiment on the SMF induced by various magnetic samples in the presence of ferromagnetic coupling, the dipole-dipole interaction, and the antiferromagnetic coupling.