Clinical Implications of S100A12 and Resolvin D1 Serum Levels, and Related Genes in Children with Familial Mediterranean Fever

The aim of this article was to study the role of S100A12 and resolvin D1-related genes and serum levels in the diagnosis and detection of subclinical inflammation in children with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) during the quiescent stage of the disease. Seventy-eight children with FMF during the silent state and 60 healthy control were studied. Serum S100A12 and resolvin D1 were quantitatively measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the levels of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and hemoglobin were determined. The clinical severity was evaluated. The link between the Mediterranean fever (MEFV) gene and the genes related to the two studied biomarkers was also assessed. Correlation between S100A12 and resolvin D1 and the clinical severity was assessed. The mean serum levels of S100A12 and resolvin D1 were 847.4 and 793.3, respectively, which were highly significantly increased (p = 0.001) compared with the controls (324.3 and 235.1, respectively). The receiver operating characteristic curve test showed that S100A12 had a sensitivity of 97.4% and specificity of 80% with cutoff value of 529.5, while resolvin D1 showed a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 50% with cutoff value of 231.2. A correlation was detected between the clinical severity and S100A12 and resolvin D1. This study delineated that S100A12 and resolvin D1 are sensitive biomarkers to detect the degree of inflammation in children with FMF during the silent period. Consequently, we recommend adjusting the colchicine dose to ameliorate the disease's symptoms and to improve the quality of life in these patients.