Outcomes of patients with solid tumour malignancies treated with first-line immuno-oncology agents who do not meet eligibility criteria for clinical trials

•The clinical effectiveness of immuno-oncology (IO) agents in the trial-ineligible cancer population is unclear.•A total of 1241 patients with RCC, NSCLC and melanoma treated with first-line IO therapy were studied.•32% of real-world patients were ineligible for IO clinical trials.•These patients had inferior outcomes compared with trial-eligible patients.•These data may temper expectations of treatment benefit in the real-world.