Interleaved Biphasic P-N Blended Copper Indium Selenide Photoelectrode And Its Application In Pulse-Driven Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Conventional photoelectrodes have shown dominantly single-signal photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance under reverse-bias, where only photo-generated minority carriers are involved in water splitting reactions. The extraordinary dynamic-mode operation of PEC water splitting is suggested herein, using the heterophasic copper indium selenide (CIS) with coexisting pand n-type phases. CIS photoelectrodes with an interleaved p-n blended structure generate substantial photocathodic/-anodic currents resulting in transient spikes followed by saturation at negative/positive potential under light illumination. Then, the interleaved inner-depletions function as the charge transport pathway. Pulsed-bias (0 and 0.8 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) with a suitable frequency applied to the p-n blended CIS photoelectrodes under steady light illumination results in an extremely high photocurrent density of approximately 25 mA/cm(2) (spike) and 10 mA/cm(2) (saturation). Furthermore, the pulse driven PEC operation shows remarkably high hydrogen evolution efficiency by suppressing the formation of large-size cluster bubbles and an intrinsic electric double layer.