Self-Standing Hard Carbon Anode Derived From Hyper-Linked Nanocellulose With High Cycling Stability For Lithium-Ion Batteries

The utilization of binders has severely hindered ionic diffusion and electron transfer in the traditional lithium-ion battery. Herein, a self-standing hard carbon film using nanocellulose as precursor has been constructed as binder-free electrodes via two-step thermal treatment. The cyclization and aromatization of small molecular fragments promote the formation of hyper-crosslinked framework with abundant welded junctions. Importantly, carbon nanofibers not only serve as an inter-connected conductive network for fast electron transfer, but also as an interlinked mechanical skeleton for convenient Li+ diffusion and electrode structural stability. Furthermore, the optimized carbon film, with accessible redox-active carbonyl groups (C=O) and abundant micropores, is beneficial for Li+ accommodation. It exhibits high reversible capacity of 513.1 mA hg(-1) at 50m Ag-1 and excellent cycle stability to extend over 1000cycles without signs of decay. This study provides an efficient strategy for the design of high-performance biomass-derived anode materials with stable-structure for alkaline batteries.