Transforming the s-shape: Identifying and explaining turning points in market diffusion curves of low-carbon technologies in Austria

•Mixed-method approach combining statistics, archival research and interviews•Mathematically determined turning points expand on expert assessments•Mandatory regulations need to be supplemented by events in each stream•Unspecific subsidy programs produce patchwork policies or pull-forward effects•Tailor-made policy interventions require reflexive and adaptive policy integration