A Neolithic without dairy? Chemical evidence from the content of ceramics from the Pendimoun rock-shelter (Castellar, France, 5750–5150 BCE)

•The contents of the Impresso-Cardial pots from the site of Pendimoun were examined.•Organic residue analysis showed the use of animal fats, plant products and beeswax.•Comparison of volumes and contents suggested a certain specialisation of the pots.•The near absence of dairy products suggested that dairying was not a major activity.•A specific seasonal occupation or a meat-based economy may account for this result.