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A Robust End-to-end Deep Learning Framework for Detecting Martian Landforms with Arbitrary Orientations

Shancheng Jiang,Fan Wu,K. L. Yung,Yingqiao Yang, W. H. Ip,Ming Gao, James Abbott Foster

Knowledge-Based Systems(2021)CCF CSCI 1区

Hong Kong Polytech Univ | Sun Yat Sen Univ | School of Management Science and Engineering

Cited 4|Views27
Abstract
With increasingly massive amounts of high-resolution images of Mars, automated detection of geological landforms on Mars has received widespread interest. It is significant for acquiring knowledge of distant planetary surfaces and processes, or manifold onboard applications such as spacecraft motion estimation and obstacle avoidance. This is a challenging task, not only because of the multiple sizes of targets and complex image backgrounds, but also the various orientations of some bar-shaped landforms in satellite images captured from the top view. The existing methods for directed landform detection require several pre or post-processing operations to extract possible regions of interest and final detection results with orientation, which are very time consuming. In this paper, a new end-to-end deep learning framework is developed for detecting arbitrarily-directed landforms. This framework, named Rotated-SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector, SSD), can locate and identify different landforms on Mars in one pass, by using rotatable anchor-box based mechanism. To enhance its robustness against angle variation of the targets and complex backgrounds, a new efficient match strategy is proposed for anchoring default boxes to ground truth boxes in the model training process and an autoencoder-based unsupervised pre-training operation is introduced to improve both the model training and inference performance. The proposed framework is tested for detection of bar-shaped buttes and dark slope streaks on satellite images. The detection results show that our framework can significantly contribute to onboard motion estimation systems. The comparative results demonstrate that the proposed match strategy outperforms other state-of-the-art match strategies with regard to model training efficiency and prediction accuracy. The pre-training strategy can facilitate the training of deep architectures in case of limited available training data.
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Key words
Deep learning,Object detection,Rotated single shot multibox detector,Match strategy,Autoencoder
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要点】:本文提出了一种端到端的深度学习框架Rotated-SSD,用于检测火星上任意方向的地貌,通过旋转锚框机制和高效匹配策略,提高了检测效率和准确性。

方法】:通过使用可旋转的锚框机制和一种新的高效匹配策略,在模型训练过程中将默认框与真实框匹配,并引入基于自动编码器的无监督预训练操作以提升模型性能。

实验】:使用卫星图像对提出的框架进行了检测条形丘陵和暗坡纹的测试,实验结果表明该框架能显著提高星上运动估计系统的性能,比较结果显示所提匹配策略在训练效率和预测准确性上优于现有先进策略,预训练策略在训练数据有限的情况下有助于深层架构的训练。数据集未在文中明确提及。