The efficacy of learning strategies from the ICAP perspective

The application of cognitive strategies for learning new information has been investigated in the literature for decades. ICAP, a theory about the four modes that students can engage to learn, can be used to rank and evaluate the effectiveness of strategies for enhancing learning with deeper understanding, based on the mode it belongs to, without carrying out an experimental study. Using the criteria for the ICAP modes, we categorized 50 different learning strategies according to the four modes of ICAP: Interactive, Constructive, Active, Passive, which predict learning levels in a descending order, from Interactive, to Constructive, to Active, to Passive.