Epidemiology and molecular characterization of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase in intensive and extensive breeding animals in Burkina Faso

Summary Background Antimicrobial resistance genes can be found in all ecosystems even in those where antibiotic selection pressure is less exerted. Extended spectrum 𝛽-lactamases (ESBL) determinants have been detected in clinical isolates and commensal bacteria from humans and animals. Here we investigated, for the first time, the ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in stool from intensive and extensive breeding animals (cattle, pigs and poultry) in Burkina Faso. Results from March to June 2017 in the Bobo Dioulasso area, we investigated stool samples collected from healthy animals (cattle = 251; pigs = 250 and poultry = 397) in one (1) slaughterhouse, five (5) livestock farms and one (1) poultry market. The frequency of ESBL genes carriage was 41.03% among cattle, 69.60% among pigs, 0.8% among intensive farming and 19.1% among extensive poultry farming. Only all the poultry were fed with antibiotics. The bacterial strains carrying the ESBL were E. coli (278/315) and K. pneumoniae (36/315). The ESBL genes carried were CTX-M 15, TEM and Oxa-1-like. These three β- lactamase genes were associated in some bacterial strains. The E. coli strains belonged most commonly to the phylogroup A. Conclusion This study showed the high resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to antibiotics in livestock in Burkina Faso by production of ESBL. This high level of resistance was observed in animals that did not receive antibiotics. This situation could suggest an environmental contamination of the livestock with ESBL-producing bacteria.